Knee pain is commonly caused by knee arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of cartilage and other tissues within the knee, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. Over time, symptoms such as knee stiffness may develop and worsen.
In knee osteoarthritis, the protective cartilage begins to break down. Initially, this may manifest as aching pain, swelling, or stiffness. As the cartilage thins and possibly disappears, bones begin to rub directly against each other, leading to degenerative changes and the formation of bone spurs.
These bone spurs, which can increase joint friction, are the body's attempt to compensate for the loss of cartilage. As osteoarthritis progresses, individuals may experience a reduction in their knee’s range of motion and weight-bearing ability.
Bone Changes: The lack of cartilage increases bone friction, causing subchondral bone sclerosis (hardening of the bone just beneath the cartilage) and the formation of subchondral cysts and bone marrow lesions. These changes can contribute to pain.
Joint Fluid Changes: Osteoarthritis can alter the composition and amount of synovial fluid in the knee, affecting joint lubrication and cartilage health.
Soft Tissue Changes: The surrounding soft tissues, including tendons and ligaments, may become strained as the body attempts to adapt to the arthritic changes, further compromising knee stability and function.
Osteoarthritis often begins with minor discomfort and stiffness, escalating to more severe pain and loss of function. The damaged cartilage may attempt to repair itself, but this new cartilage often grows irregularly, failing to replace the original cartilage effectively.
While osteoarthritis is the most common form, other types such as rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout, and reactive arthritis can also cause knee pain.
Knee osteoarthritis involves the degeneration of cartilage and changes to bone and soft tissues, leading to pain and reduced mobility. Understanding the progression and impact of this condition can help in managing symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment. For further information on knee health and arthritis management, please explore our detailed guides and resources.
